Skip to content
Lessons

Puberty, bodies and relationships

Consent and healthy relationships

Healthy relationships are built on respect, trust and consent. Learn what consent means in everyday life, the signs of an unhealthy relationship, and what the law says.
6 minutes·For 14 to 16, 17 to 19

What consent means

Consent means agreeing to something freely, without pressure. It applies to everyday things like hugs, borrowing a phone, being tagged in a photo or sharing a secret, as well as to physical closeness.

Real consent is freely given, can be changed at any time, is informed (you know what you are agreeing to), is enthusiastic, and is specific (yes to one thing is not yes to everything).

Silence, saying nothing, or not fighting back is not consent. Someone who is asleep, drunk or scared cannot give consent.

Healthy relationships

This applies to friendships, family and romantic relationships. In a healthy relationship, both people feel respected, can say no, can spend time with other friends and can be themselves.

You talk through disagreements without fear. You do not have to share passwords or prove your love.

Warning signs

Checking your phone, controlling who you meet or what you wear, extreme jealousy, putting you down, threatening to hurt themselves or you, or pressuring you into physical closeness or sharing photos are all red flags.

Pressure can sound like: If you loved me, you would. Or: Everyone else does it. You never owe anyone physical closeness or pictures.

Unhealthy behaviour can happen in any relationship, between any genders.

What the law says

In India, the law treats everyone under 18 as a child. The POCSO Act makes sexual activity with anyone under 18 a crime, and it protects children of all genders.

Creating, asking for or sharing sexual images of anyone under 18 is also a serious crime, even if the person in the image agreed or is your own age.

The law is there to protect young people from harm. If someone is pressuring or hurting you, you can get help.

Key points

  • Consent is free, informed, specific and can be changed anytime.
  • Silence or not saying no is not consent.
  • Healthy relationships have respect, trust and freedom.
  • Control, jealousy and pressure are red flags.
  • In India, the law protects everyone under 18 under the POCSO Act.

Myth or fact?

Myth

If someone does not say no, it means yes.

Fact

Consent must be clearly and freely given. Silence, fear or freezing is not a yes.

Myth

Jealousy shows how much someone loves you.

Fact

Some jealousy is human, but controlling or extreme jealousy is a sign of an unhealthy relationship, not love.

Myth

Boys cannot be pressured or harmed in relationships.

Fact

Anyone of any gender can experience pressure or abuse. Everyone deserves help and support.

When to get help

  • Talk to a trusted adult or school counsellor if a relationship makes you feel scared, controlled or pressured.
  • If you are under 18 and feel unsafe, call Childline on 1098.
  • If you are in immediate danger, call 112.
  • Tele-MANAS on 14416 can help if a relationship is affecting how you feel.
Get help now

Check what you know

Question 1

1.Your friend agreed to a photo but now asks you not to post it. What should you do?

Question 2

2.Which is a warning sign of an unhealthy relationship?

Question 3

3.Can a person who is drunk or asleep give consent?

Question 4

4.Under Indian law, who does the POCSO Act protect?

Sign in to save your progress and earn badges.

Based on guidance from UNESCO International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education, WHO, UNICEF, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (RKSK). Awaiting review by Puberty Lab's clinical advisory board. General education, not medical advice for any one person.

Consent and healthy relationships · Puberty Lab