What is a period?
People with a uterus (a small, hollow organ in the lower belly) start having periods during puberty. Each month, the lining of the uterus thickens so the body could one day have a baby if the person chooses.
When no pregnancy happens, the lining is not needed. It comes out of the body through the vagina as blood and tissue over a few days. This is a period, also called menstruation.
Periods are a sign of a healthy, growing body. They are not dirty and not an illness.
When and how often
Most girls get their first period between 10 and 15 years old, often about two years after breasts begin to grow. Some start a little earlier or later.
A period usually lasts 2 to 7 days. The time from the start of one period to the start of the next is called a cycle.
In the first year or two, periods are often irregular. They may skip a month or come closer together. That is very common while the body settles.
How it might feel
The total amount of blood is usually only a few spoonfuls, even if it looks like more. The colour can be bright red, dark red or brown.
Some people get cramps in the lower belly or back, feel tired, have tender breasts, get pimples, or feel moody before or during a period.
A warm water bottle on the belly, gentle movement, rest and drinking water can help. If pain stops you doing everyday things, tell an adult so a doctor can help.
Life goes on during periods
You can go to school, play sport, swim (with a tampon or cup when you are ready), bathe, cook and eat any food during your period.
Bathing during a period is healthy and helps you feel fresh. There is no medical reason to avoid any food, place or activity.
Why everyone should know
Boys, brothers and fathers can be great support: lending a jacket if someone has a stain, not making jokes, and treating periods as normal.
If a friend gets her period at school unexpectedly, help her find a teacher, nurse or the girls' toilet, and keep it private and kind.